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Article . 2021
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Binomial Sums with Pell and Lucas Polynomials

Binomial sums with Pell and Lucas polynomials
Authors: Guo, Dongwei; Chu, Wenchang;

Binomial Sums with Pell and Lucas Polynomials

Abstract

Pell and Pell-Lucas polynomials are given recursively by \(P_n(x)=2xP_{n-1}(x)+P_{n-2}(x)\) and \(Q_n(x)=2xQ_{n-1}(x)+Q_{n-2}(x)\), respectively, with initial conditions \(P_0(x)=0, P_1(x)=1, Q_0(x)=2, Q_1(x)=2x\). They generalize the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, which correspond to \(F_n=P_n(\frac 12)\) and \(L_n=Q_n(\frac 12)\), respectively. The authors establish a set of identities for some weighted binomial sums of the form \(\sum_{k=0}^n (\pm 1)^k \binom{2n+\delta}{n-k} W_k(x)\), where \(W_k(x)=P_{2k+\varepsilon}(x), Q_{2k+\varepsilon}(x), P_k^2(x)\), and \(Q_k^2(x)\), with \(\delta, \varepsilon\in\{0,1\}\). As an example, from Theorem 1, \[ \sum_{k=0}^n\binom {2n+\delta}{n-k} P_{2k+1}= (4+4x^2)^n+ (\delta -1) \sum_{i=1}^n \binom {2i}{i} \frac{(4+4x^2)^{n-i}}{2(2i-1)}. \] By letting \(x=\frac 12\) in each result, we can verify the particular identities involving Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, two of which (Equations 1 and 2) have appeared in a recent challenge problem.

Keywords

Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, Binomial coefficients; factorials; \(q\)-identities, Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and polynomials and generalizations, binomial coefficient, Pell and Lucas polynomials

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Top 10%
Average
Average
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