EMF causes different effects depending on whether it acts on a conductor or a dielectric. In wires, EMF causes the appearance of alternating currents - i.e. sets electrons and ions in motion around their centers of equilibrium with a frequency determined by the EMF frequency. In dielectrics, EMF causes orientational polarization, i.e. rotation of the dipole molecules. The movement of electrons, ions and dipole molecules consumes energy. Depending on which mechanism of interaction occurs, we talk about conduction energy losses and dielectric energy losses. In both cases, heat is released, which becomes more intense at a higher EMF frequency.