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https://dx.doi.org/10.34626/b1...
Master thesis . 2021
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Ultra-Low-Power CMOS Oscillator

Authors: Pedro Miguel Silva Machado;

Ultra-Low-Power CMOS Oscillator

Abstract

Currently, due to the constant technological advancement and search for innovation, the vast majority of the circuits that compose devices that we use in our day-to-day activities, have been decreasing in size. These are inserted in integrated circuits, where the area and energy consumption are major limitations. Also, a large number of applications and devices require a stable clock to operate correctly, being the use of an oscillator the most common solution to generate such frequency. Due to the current change, the conventional oscillator had to overcome changes in its design in order to keep up with the electronics industry. Such changes made oscillators in general less accurate compared to crystal oscillators, but more efficient in terms of energy, occupied area and cost. In this thesis, a very low consumption ring oscillator is presented, where it is intended to eliminate any external component that involves additional costs. One of the main challenges is the trade-off between the precision of the output frequency and energy consumption. Additionally, oscillators inserted in integrated circuits tend to suffer frequency deviations with PVT variations. The presented strategy involves building blocks that supply the oscillator with stable currents and voltages, in order to compensate for such variations. Designed using CMOS 0.18nm technology, it also includes a trimming circuit, making it possible to calibrate the process in post-fabrication.

Atualmente, devido ao constante avanço tecnológico e procura de inovação, a grande maioria dos circuitos que compõem dispositivos que utilizamos no nosso dia-a-dia, têm vindo a diminuir o seu tamanho. Estes são inseridos em circuitos integrados, onde a área e o consumo energético são limitações significativas. Um grande número de aplicações e dispositivos, necessitam de um clock estável para operar corretamente, sendo a solução mais comum para gerar tal frequência um oscilador. Em função da mudança atual, o oscilador convencional teve de sofrer mudanças no seu design de modo a acompanhar a indústria eletrónica. Tais alterações tornaram os osciladores em geral menos precisos comparativamente a osciladores de cristal, mas mais eficientes em termos energéticos, área ocupada e custo. Nesta tese, é apresentado um oscilador em anel de muito baixo consumo, onde se pretende eliminar qualquer componente externo que envolva custos adicionais. Sendo um dos principais desafios, o trade-off entre a precisão da frequência de saída e o consumo energético. Adicionalmente, osciladores inseridos em circuitos integrados tendem a sofrer desvios de frequência com variações PVT. A estratégia apresentada, passa por contruir blocos que forneçam ao oscilador correntes e tensões estáveis, de modo a compensar tais variações. Desenhado na tecnologia CMOS 0.18nm, inclui também um circuito de trimming, tornando possível a calibração do processo pós-fabrico.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Engineering and technology::Electrical engineering, Electronic engineering, Information engineering, Electrical engineering, Electronic engineering, Information engineering, Ciências da engenharia e tecnologias::Engenharia electrotécnica, electrónica e informática, Engenharia electrotécnica, electrónica e informática, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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