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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Annales Histoire Sci...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Annales Histoire Sciences Sociales
Article . 1963 . Peer-reviewed
License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
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Des « Trois Fonctions » aux « Trois États »?

Authors: Batany, Jean;

Des « Trois Fonctions » aux « Trois États »?

Abstract

« Li clerc deivent por tous orer ; Li chevalier sans demorer Deivent défendre et ennorer, Et li païsant laborer. »« Aux clercs, Dieu ordonna d'enseigner et d'étudier, de prier pour eux-mêmes et pour autrui, de donner et de recevoir ; aux nobles, en bref, de protéger le peuple, de donner, de prier pour eux-mêmes, d'étudier, de ne pas s'attacher aux choses matérielles ; au peuple, de garder les bêtes, de donner, de prier pour eux-mêmes, d'étudier, de commercer, de prêter de l'argent et de cultiver la terre ; mais il n'y a qu'une occupation que le Seigneur ait imposée aux serfs : servir sans envie les trois autres ordres. »

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    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    11
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
11
Average
Top 10%
Average
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