Toll-Like Receptors: Are They Taking a Toll on the Heart in Viral Myocarditis?
Copyright policy )Toll-Like Receptors: Are They Taking a Toll on the Heart in Viral Myocarditis?
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart with viral infections being the most common aetiology. Its complex biology remains poorly understood and its clinical management is one of the most challenging in the field of cardiology. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors, are increasingly known to be implicated in the pathophysiology of viral myocarditis. Their central role in innate and adaptive immune responses, and in the inflammatory reaction that ensues, indeed makes them prime candidates to profoundly affect every stage of the disease process. This review describes the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of viral myocarditis, and scrutinises the role of TLRs in every phase. We conclude with directions for future research in this field.
Myocardium/pathology, mice, review, Myocarditis/complications, Review, ENTEROVIRAL PROTEASE 2A, TARGETED OVEREXPRESSION, Microbiology, Mice, Inflammation/virology, Toll-like receptor, Virology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Humans, MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION, REGULATORY T-CELLS, Toll-Like Receptors/immunology, Inflammation, Science & Technology, Myocardium, Toll-Like Receptors, NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA, B3-INDUCED MYOCARDITIS, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS, immunity, QR1-502, Immunity, Innate, 3107 Microbiology, viral myocarditis, Disease Models, Animal, Myocarditis, Infectious Diseases, inflammation, Virus Diseases, COXSACKIE-ADENOVIRUS RECEPTOR, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, INNATE IMMUNITY, Virus Diseases/complications, Human medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0605 Microbiology
Myocardium/pathology, mice, review, Myocarditis/complications, Review, ENTEROVIRAL PROTEASE 2A, TARGETED OVEREXPRESSION, Microbiology, Mice, Inflammation/virology, Toll-like receptor, Virology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Animals, Humans, MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION, REGULATORY T-CELLS, Toll-Like Receptors/immunology, Inflammation, Science & Technology, Myocardium, Toll-Like Receptors, NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA, B3-INDUCED MYOCARDITIS, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS, immunity, QR1-502, Immunity, Innate, 3107 Microbiology, viral myocarditis, Disease Models, Animal, Myocarditis, Infectious Diseases, inflammation, Virus Diseases, COXSACKIE-ADENOVIRUS RECEPTOR, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, INNATE IMMUNITY, Virus Diseases/complications, Human medicine, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0605 Microbiology
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