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Atypical Porcine Pestivirus Circulation and Molecular Evolution within an Affected Swine Herd

Authors: Alba Folgueiras-González; Robin van den Braak; Bartjan Simmelink; Martin Deijs; Lia van der Hoek; Ad de Groof;

Atypical Porcine Pestivirus Circulation and Molecular Evolution within an Affected Swine Herd

Abstract

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a single-stranded RNA virus from the family Flaviviridae, which is linked to congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Here, we retrospectively investigated the molecular evolution of APPV on an affected herd between 2013 and 2019. Monitoring was done at regular intervals, and the same genotype of APPV was found during the entire study period, suggesting no introductions from outside the farm. The nucleotide substitutions over time did not show substantial amino acid variation in the structural glycoproteins. Furthermore, the evolution of the virus showed mainly purifying selection, and no positive selection. The limited pressure on the virus to change at immune-dominant regions suggested that the immune pressure at the farm might be low. In conclusion, farms can have circulation of APPV for years, and massive testing and removal of infected animals are not sufficient to clear the virus from affected farms.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

Swine, Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), congenital tremor, Genome, Viral, Microbiology, Article, Genomic sequence, Disease Outbreaks, viral persistence, Evolution, Molecular, Viral Proteins, Tremor, Purifying selection, asymptomatic, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Phylogeny, Retrospective Studies, pestivirus, Swine Diseases, Phylogenetic analysis, Congenital tremor, phylogenetic analysis, Pestivirus Infections, Genetic Variation, swine, genomic sequence, QR1-502, Asymptomatic, atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), Animals, Newborn, Viral persistence, Pestivirus, purifying selection

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    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    13
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
gold