Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence
Copyright policy )Heiner Syndrome and Milk Hypersensitivity: An Updated Overview on the Current Evidence
Infants affected by Heiner syndrome (HS) display chronic upper or lower respiratory tract infections, including otitis media or pneumonia. Clinically, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, anemia, recurrent fever and failure to thrive can be also present. Chest X-rays can show patchy infiltrates miming pneumonia. Clinical manifestations usually disappear after a milk-free diet. The pathogenetic mechanism underlying HS remains unexplained, but the formation of immune complexes and the cell-mediated reaction have been proposed. Patients usually outgrow this hypersensitivity within a few years. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview on the current evidence on HS in children, with a critical approach on the still undefined points of this interesting disease. Finally, we propose the first structured diagnostic approach for HS.
- University of Verona Italy
- Health Science University Japan
- University of Florence Italy
- Tio Business School Netherlands
- Trinity College Dublin Ireland
Male, Allergy, non-IgE-mediated food allergy, Immunology, 610, Review, cow’s milk, immunology, Pulmonary hemosiderosi, children, Pulmonary infiltrates, pulmonary infiltrates, 616, Respiratory Hypersensitivity, pneumonia, Humans, Cow’s milk, Children, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Anemia, Non-IgE-mediated food allergy, Pneumonia, Syndrome, allergy, Milk Proteins, anemia, allergy; anemia; children; cow’s milk; immunology; non-IgE-mediated food allergy; pneumonia; pulmonary hemosiderosis; pulmonary infiltrates, Female, Milk Hypersensitivity, pulmonary hemosiderosis
Male, Allergy, non-IgE-mediated food allergy, Immunology, 610, Review, cow’s milk, immunology, Pulmonary hemosiderosi, children, Pulmonary infiltrates, pulmonary infiltrates, 616, Respiratory Hypersensitivity, pneumonia, Humans, Cow’s milk, Children, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Anemia, Non-IgE-mediated food allergy, Pneumonia, Syndrome, allergy, Milk Proteins, anemia, allergy; anemia; children; cow’s milk; immunology; non-IgE-mediated food allergy; pneumonia; pulmonary hemosiderosis; pulmonary infiltrates, Female, Milk Hypersensitivity, pulmonary hemosiderosis
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