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Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Article . 2023
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Article . 2023
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Lyapunov Functionals in Integral Equations

Authors: Youssef N. Raffoul; Joseph Raffoul;

Lyapunov Functionals in Integral Equations

Abstract

Lyapunov functions/functionals have found their footing in Volterra integro-differential equations. This is not the case for integral equations, and it is therefore further explored in this paper. In this manuscript, we utilize Lyapunov functionals combined with Laplace transform to qualitatively analyze the solutions of the integral equation In addition, we extend our method to nonlinear integral equations, integral equations with infinite delay, and integral equations with several kernels. We mention that Laplace transform has been used to solve integral equations of convolution types but has never been applied directly to integral equations that are not of the convolution type. In addition, our method allows us to find the upper estimates, and our necessary conditions are easy to verify.

Keywords

integral equation, Laplace transform, infinite delay, QA1-939, nonlinear, boundedness, stability, Lyapunov functionals, uniform, Mathematics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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