
doi: 10.3390/app112210668
This paper presents the modelling and calculations for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) in parallel configuration, including a main electrical driving motor (EM), an internal combustion engine (ICE), and a starter/generator motor. The modelling equations of the HEV include vehicle acceleration and jerk, so that simulations can investigate the vehicle drivability and comfortability with different control parameters. A model predictive control (MPC) scheme with softened constraints for this HEV is developed. The new MPC with softened constraints shows its superiority over the MPC with hard constraints as it provides a faster setpoint tracking and smoother clutch engagement. The conversion of some hard constraints into softened constraints can improve the MPC stability and robustness. The MPC with softened constraints can maintain the system stability, while the MPC with hard constraints becomes unstable if some input constraints lead to the violation of output constraints.
Technology, model predictive control, QH301-705.5, T, Physics, QC1-999, parallel hybrid electric vehicle, drivability and comfortability, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), softened constraints, Chemistry, hard constraints, tracking speed and torque, fast clutch engagement, TA1-2040, Biology (General), QD1-999
Technology, model predictive control, QH301-705.5, T, Physics, QC1-999, parallel hybrid electric vehicle, drivability and comfortability, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), softened constraints, Chemistry, hard constraints, tracking speed and torque, fast clutch engagement, TA1-2040, Biology (General), QD1-999
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 21 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
