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Algorithms
Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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Algorithms
Article . 2023
Data sources: DOAJ
DBLP
Article . 2024
Data sources: DBLP
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Multiple Factor Analysis Based on NIPALS Algorithm to Solve Missing Data Problems

Authors: Andrés F. Ochoa-Muñoz; Javier E. Contreras-Reyes;

Multiple Factor Analysis Based on NIPALS Algorithm to Solve Missing Data Problems

Abstract

Missing or unavailable data (NA) in multivariate data analysis is often treated with imputation methods and, in some cases, records containing NA are eliminated, leading to the loss of information. This paper addresses the problem of NA in multiple factor analysis (MFA) without resorting to eliminating records or using imputation techniques. For this purpose, the nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithm is proposed based on the principle of available data. NIPALS presents a good alternative when data imputation is not feasible. Our proposed method is called MFA-NIPALS and, based on simulation scenarios, we recommend its use until 15% of NAs of total observations. A case of groups of quantitative variables is studied and the proposed NIPALS algorithm is compared with the regularized iterative MFA algorithm for several percentages of NA.

Keywords

multiple factor analysis, longitudinal data, missing data, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, Electronic computers. Computer science, NIPALS, QA75.5-76.95, available data principle, T55.4-60.8

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
gold