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Cellular and Pectin Dynamics during Abscission Zone Development and Ripe Fruit Abscission of the Monocot Oil Palm

ديناميكيات الخلوية والبكتين أثناء تطوير منطقة الانفصال وانفصال الفاكهة الناضجة عن نخيل زيت مونوكوت
Authors: Peerapat eRoongsattham; Peerapat eRoongsattham; Fabienne eMorcillo; Kim eFooyontphanich; Chatchawan eJantasuriyarat; Somvong eTragoonrung; Philippe eAmblard; +4 Authors

Cellular and Pectin Dynamics during Abscission Zone Development and Ripe Fruit Abscission of the Monocot Oil Palm

Abstract

La zone d'abscission primaire (ZA) du fruit du palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) est une région limite multicellulaire entre les tissus du pédicelle (P) et du mésocarpe (M). Pour examiner les processus cellulaires qui se produisent au cours du développement et de la fonction des couches cellulaires AZ, nous avons utilisé de multiples méthodes histologiques et immunohistochimiques combinées à des approches de microspectroscopie confocale, électronique et infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FT-IR). Au cours du développement précoce des fruits et de la différenciation de l'AZ, l'orientation des divisions cellulaires dans l'AZ était périclinale par rapport aux divisions anticlinales dans les cellules P et M. La largeur de la paroi cellulaire de l'AZ a augmenté plus tôt au cours du développement, ce qui suggère que l'assemblage de la paroi cellulaire s'est produit plus rapidement dans l'AZ que dans les tissus P et M adjacents. Le fruit en développement AZ contient de nombreux plasmodesmes (PD) de la couche cellulaire intra-AZ, mais très peu de PD de la couche cellulaire inter-AZ. Dans l'AZ des fruits en maturation, la MP était moins fréquente, plus large et principalement localisée dans la couche cellulaire intra-AZ. En outre, les noyaux révélés par coloration DAPI sont situés à côté de PD et sont remarquablement alignés dans les cellules de la couche AZ, et restent alignés et intacts après la séparation cellulaire. L'accumulation polarisée de ribosomes, de réticulum endoplasmique rugueux, de mitochondries et de vésicules suggère que la sécrétion active à l'extrémité des cellules AZ s'est produite au cours du développement, ce qui peut contribuer aux motifs de paroi cellulaire striée dans les couches cellulaires AZ. Les cellules AZ ont accumulé de la pectine intracellulaire au cours du développement, qui semble être libérée et/ou dégradée au cours de la séparation cellulaire. Le signal de l'épitope JIM5, qui reconnaît l'homogalacturonane (HG) faiblement méthylestérifié et non méthylestérifié, a augmenté dans les parois cellulaires de la couche AZ avant la séparation et a considérablement augmenté sur les surfaces cellulaires AZ séparées. Enfin, l'analyse par microspectroscopie FT-IR a indiqué une diminution du HG méthylestérifié dans les parois cellulaires AZ pendant la séparation, ce qui peut expliquer partiellement une augmentation du signal de l'épitope JIM5. Les résultats obtenus grâce à une approche multi-imagerie permettent une vision intégrée des processus de développement dynamiques qui se produisent dans une ZA limite multicouche et fournissent des preuves de mécanismes de régulation distincts qui sous-tendent le développement et la fonction de la ZA de palmier à huile.

La zona de abscisión primaria (AZ) de la fruta de palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) es una región límite multicelular en capas entre los tejidos del pedículo (P) y el mesocarpio (M). Para examinar los procesos celulares que ocurren durante el desarrollo y la función de las capas de células AZ, empleamos múltiples métodos histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos combinados con enfoques de microspectroscopía infrarroja confocal, electrónica y de transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). Durante el desarrollo temprano del fruto y la diferenciación de la AZ, la orientación de las divisiones celulares en la AZ fue periclinal en comparación con las divisiones anticlinales en la P y M. El ancho de la pared celular de la AZ aumentó antes durante el desarrollo, lo que sugiere que el ensamblaje de la pared celular ocurrió más rápidamente en la AZ que en los tejidos P y M adyacentes. El fruto en desarrollo AZ contiene numerosos plasmodesmos (PD) de la capa celular intra-AZ, pero muy pocos PD de la capa celular inter-AZ. En la AZ de la fruta en maduración, la EP fue menos frecuente, más ancha y principalmente localizada en la capa de células intra-AZ. Además, la tinción con DAPI reveló que los núcleos se encuentran adyacentes a PD y están notablemente alineados dentro de las células de la capa AZ, y permanecen alineados e intactos después de la separación celular. La acumulación polarizada de ribosomas, retículo endoplásmico rugoso, mitocondrias y vesículas sugirió que la secreción activa en la punta de las células AZ ocurrió durante el desarrollo, lo que puede contribuir a los patrones de pared celular estriada en las capas de células AZ. Las células AZ acumularon pectina intracelular durante el desarrollo, que parece liberarse y/o degradarse durante la separación celular. La señal para el epítopo JIM5, que reconoce homogalacturonano (HG) poco metilesterificado y no metilesterificado, aumentó en las paredes celulares de la capa AZ antes de la separación y aumentó drásticamente en las superficies celulares AZ separadas. Finalmente, el análisis de microspectroscopía FT-IR indicó que se produjo una disminución en la HG metilesterificada en las paredes celulares de AZ durante la separación, lo que puede explicar parcialmente un aumento en la señal del epítopo JIM5. Los resultados obtenidos a través de un enfoque de múltiples imágenes permiten una visión integrada de los procesos dinámicos de desarrollo que ocurren en una AZ de límites de múltiples capas y proporcionan evidencia de distintos mecanismos reguladores que subyacen al desarrollo y la función de la AZ del fruto de la palma aceitera.

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit primary abscission zone (AZ) is a multi-cell layered boundary region between the pedicel (P) and mesocarp (M) tissues. To examine the cellular processes that occur during the development and function of the AZ cell layers, we employed multiple histological and immunohistochemical methods combined with confocal, electron and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy approaches. During early fruit development and differentiation of the AZ, the orientation of cell divisions in the AZ was periclinal compared with anticlinal divisions in the P and M. AZ cell wall width increased earlier during development suggesting cell wall assembly occurred more rapidly in the AZ than the adjacent P and M tissues. The developing fruit AZ contain numerous intra-AZ cell layer plasmodesmata (PD), but very few inter-AZ cell layer PD. In the AZ of ripening fruit, PD were less frequent, wider, and mainly intra-AZ cell layer localized. Furthermore, DAPI staining revealed nuclei are located adjacent to PD and are remarkably aligned within AZ layer cells, and remain aligned and intact after cell separation. The polarized accumulation of ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and vesicles suggested active secretion at the tip of AZ cells occurred during development which may contribute to the striated cell wall patterns in the AZ cell layers. AZ cells accumulated intracellular pectin during development, which appear to be released and/or degraded during cell separation. The signal for the JIM5 epitope, that recognizes low methylesterified and un-methylesterified homogalacturonan (HG), increased in the AZ layer cell walls prior to separation and dramatically increased on the separated AZ cell surfaces. Finally, FT-IR microspectroscopy analysis indicated a decrease in methylesterified HG occurred in AZ cell walls during separation, which may partially explain an increase in the JIM5 epitope signal. The results obtained through a multi-imaging approach allow an integrated view of the dynamic developmental processes that occur in a multi-layered boundary AZ and provide evidence for distinct regulatory mechanisms that underlie oil palm fruit AZ development and function.

نخيل الزيت (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) منطقة الابتعاد الأولية للفاكهة (AZ) هي منطقة حدود متعددة الطبقات بين أنسجة السويقة (P) والأنسجة المتوسطة (M). لفحص العمليات الخلوية التي تحدث أثناء تطور ووظيفة طبقات خلايا AZ، استخدمنا طرقًا نسيجية وكيميائية مناعية متعددة جنبًا إلى جنب مع مناهج التحليل الطيفي للأشعة تحت الحمراء المتحد البؤر والإلكترون وتحويل فورييه (FT - IR). خلال التطور المبكر للفاكهة والتمايز بين الألف إلى الياء، كان اتجاه انقسامات الخلايا في الألف إلى الياء محيطيًا مقارنة بالانقسامات في الألف إلى الياء زاد عرض جدار الخلية P و M. AZ في وقت سابق أثناء التطور مما يشير إلى أن تجميع جدار الخلية حدث بسرعة أكبر في الألف إلى الياء من أنسجة P و M المجاورة. تحتوي الثمرة النامية AZ على العديد من بلازموديسات طبقة الخلايا داخل AZ (PD)، ولكن عدد قليل جدًا من طبقة الخلايا بين AZ PD. في الألف إلى الياء للفاكهة الناضجة، كان مرض باركنسون أقل تواترًا وأوسع نطاقًا وموضعًا بشكل أساسي لطبقة الخلايا داخل الألف إلى الياء. علاوة على ذلك، توجد النوى التي كشفت عن تلطيخ DAPI بجوار PD وتتم محاذاتها بشكل ملحوظ داخل خلايا طبقة AZ، وتظل محاذاة وسليمة بعد فصل الخلية. يشير التراكم المستقطب للريبوسومات والشبكة الإندوبلازمية الخشنة والميتوكوندريا والحويصلات إلى حدوث إفراز نشط عند طرف خلايا AZ أثناء النمو مما قد يساهم في أنماط جدار الخلية المخططة في طبقات خلايا AZ. تتراكم خلايا AZ البكتين داخل الخلايا أثناء النمو، والتي يبدو أنها تتحرر و/أو تتحلل أثناء فصل الخلايا. زادت إشارة حاتمة JIM5، التي تتعرف على الهوموجالاكتورونان منخفض الميثيلستريدي وغير الميثيلستريدي (HG)، في جدران خلايا طبقة AZ قبل الفصل وزادت بشكل كبير على أسطح خلايا AZ المنفصلة. أخيرًا، أشار تحليل التحليل الطيفي الدقيق FT - IR إلى انخفاض في الزئبق المعالج بالميثيل في جدران خلايا AZ أثناء الفصل، مما قد يفسر جزئيًا زيادة في إشارة اللاصقة JIM5. تسمح النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من خلال نهج التصوير المتعدد برؤية متكاملة للعمليات التنموية الديناميكية التي تحدث في منطقة حدودية متعددة الطبقات وتوفر دليلاً على الآليات التنظيمية المتميزة التي تكمن وراء تطوير ووظيفة ثمار زيت النخيل.

Country
France
Keywords

http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28568, microscopie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Organic chemistry, Plant Science, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_875, oil palm, Ruthenium red, Fruit abscission, SB1-1110, spectroscopie infrarouge, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, fruit (botanique), http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7701, Cell Wall, Organelle, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Microscopie électronique, Elaeis guineensis, pectin, abscission zone, Cell wall, Middle lamella, Fruit Ripening, Life Sciences, WALL, Hydrocolloids in Food and Biomedical Applications, Palm oil, [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Plasmodesma, Pectin, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_921, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chemistry, Ultrastructure, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5954, Oil palm, Structure and Function of Plant Cell Walls, paroi cellulaire, 570, Cell biology, Abscission, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Biophysics, développement biologique, physiologie végétale, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4810, Agroforestry, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10573, Factors Influencing Fruit Ripening and Quality, Biology, pectine, anatomie végétale, 580, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2509, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25189, fruit abscission, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3119, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1415, Botany, fruit abscission;abscission zone;pectin;oil palm;cell wall;WALL, Plant culture, Ripening, mûrissage, abscission, cell wall, Calcium, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13933, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5651, Food Science

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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