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Physiological Research
Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Physiological Research
Article
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: UnpayWall
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Perception and pain thresholds of tDCS and tACS

Authors: E, Kvašňák;
APC: 415.6 EUR

Perception and pain thresholds of tDCS and tACS

Abstract

Transcranial electric stimulation (tES) protocols strictly need to keep the safety of stimulations and to avoid the unpleasant feelings of stimulated subjects. Following that, the aim of the paper was to find out both the perception and the pain thresholds of different tES modalities. The perception thresholds and the pain thresholds at AF7 and AF8 electrodes with transcranial direct and alternating current stimulation (tDCS and tACS) were performed. Average perception and pain thresholds did not differ significantly inter-individually but intra-individually. With gradually increasing intensity the analysis of thresholds showed that 1) an average participant perceived as first 20 Hz and 40 Hz tACS, then 10 Hz tACS and cathodal tDCS and then anodal tDCS, and 2) the pain was felt first for anodal tDCS, then for 6, 10 and 20 Hz tACS, then for cathodal tDCS and finally for 40 Hz tACS. Besides that, intensity-dependent regularities in feelings of different tES modalities were found. Perception thresholds for 2 types of tDCS (anodal and cathodal) and 4 types of tACS (6-40 Hz) are arranged in sequence of gradually increased values (threshold current): anodal tDCS – cathodal tDCS – 6 – 10 – 20 – 40 Hz tACS. whereas pain thresholds are arranged with decreased threshold values.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Pain Threshold, Adolescent, Pain, Pain Perception, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Healthy Volunteers, Young Adult, Humans

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Top 10%
Average
Average
gold