This article aims to study the reception of Jungian theories in Brazil, especially those related to the conceptualization of the archetypes and the collective unconscious. In order to do so, it focuses on the specific case of the Brazilian psychiatrist Nise da Silveira [1905-1999], with particular emphasis on her engajament in the foundation of the Group of Studies C. G Jung [1955] in Rio de Janeiro and her personal contact with C. G. Jung [1957] in Zurich. Through a bibliographical review and a investigation of textual sources, done in the intersection of anthropological and historical perspectives, it is proposed a discussion about the unique place of Nise da Silveira and Jungian psychology in the phenomenon of psychologization and in Brazilian social thought.