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RAZNOLIKOST I UGROŽENOST TRAVNJAKA NACIONALNOG PARKA SJEVERNI VELEBIT

BIOSPELEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CAVES AND PITS OF THE NORTHERN VELEBIT NATIONAL PARK IN 2018
Authors: Alegro, Antun; Šegota, Vedran;

RAZNOLIKOST I UGROŽENOST TRAVNJAKA NACIONALNOG PARKA SJEVERNI VELEBIT

Abstract

The grasslands of the Northern Velebit National Park are for the most part not a primary type of vegetation, however, they came about as a consequence of human activity by deforestation, burning, grazing and mowing. This process began several millennia ago and has continuously maintained the balance between the forest and grasslands, and it has resulted in a greater biodiversity than what would have been in the untouched natural state. In the second half of the 20th century, traditional seasonal transhumant vertical migrations of people and livestock from Podgorje to the Velebit summer pastures were discontinued as a consequence of the great depopulation of Podgorje, which today is the least populated region in Croatia. Studies of the vegetation of the grasslands within the park during 2009 and 2010 indicated the large diversity of the grasslands which differ from one another depending on the above sea level altitude, relief of the terrain, features of the soil, influence of the wind and the former usage of the land. Succession, in other words, the encroachment of the grassland areas by woody and shrubby species was noted over almost all types of grassland, however, the intensity of the succesion and also the species which grow depend on the type of grassland. Succession is significantly slower on grasslands in the upper zones than on grasslands of the littoral slopes, due to the shorter vegetation period, the harsher climate, the exposure to the strong bura wind and wider grasslands which under hihger succession pressure than the smaller, fragmented grasslands that we come across at the lower altitudes. The conservation of grasslands would have to be a priority for the park’s management, because besides the exceptional biodiversity, the grasslands also tell us about the history of the whole region, the way of life, the economy and the movements, and makes up an essential and immeasurable important part of both the natural and cultural heritage.

Travnjaci Nacionalnog parka Sjeverni Velebit većinom nisu primarni tip vegetacije, nego su nastali kao posljedica ljudskog djelovanja krčenjem i paljenjem šuma, ispašom i košnjom. Taj je proces započeo prije više tisućljeća te je kontinuirano održavao ravnotežu između šuma i travnjaka, a rezultirao je većom bioraznolikošću no što bi bila u nedirnutom prirodnom stanju. U drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća tradicionalne sezonske transhumantne vertikalne migracije ljudi i stoke iz Podgorja na velebitske ljetne pašnjake prekinute su kao posljedica snažne depopulacije Podgorja, koje je danas najslabije naseljeno područje u Hrvatskoj. Vegetacijska istraživanja travnjaka unutar Parka tijekom 2009. i 2010. ukazala su na veliku raznolikost travnjaka koji se međusobno razlikuju ovisno o nadmorskoj visini, reljefu terena, značajkama tla, utjecaju vjetra i nekadašnjem načinu upotrebe. Sukcesija, odnosno zarastanje travnjačkih površina drvenastim i grmolikim vrstama zabilježena je na gotovo svim tipovima travnjaka, no intenzitet zarastanja i vrste kojima zarastaju ovise o tipu travnjaka. Sukcesija je značajno sporija na travnjacima vršne zone nego na travnjacima primorske padine zbog kraćega vegetacijskog perioda, oštrije klime, izloženosti buri te prostranijih travnjaka koji sporije zarastaju od manjih, fragmentiranih travnjaka kakve nalazimo na nižim nadmorskim visinama. Očuvanje travnjaka morao bi biti prioritet upravljanja Parkom jer, osim iznimne bioraznolikosti, travnjaci nam ujedno govore i o prošlosti čitava područja, načinu života, privređivanja, kretanja te čine neizostavan i nemjerljivo važan dio prirodne i kulturne baštine.

Country
Croatia
Keywords

DAW1001-1051, transhumanca, Language and Literature, sukcesija, P, ispaša, pašnjaci, pastures, succession, History of Central Europe, transhumance, grazing, pašnjaci ; sukcesija ; transhumanca ; ispaša

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold