Realization of new surgical treatment in the 21st century, it is necessary to use various advanced technologies; surgical robots, three-dimensional (3-D) medical images, computer graphics, computer simulation technology and others. Three-dimensional medical image for surgical operation provides surgeons with advanced vision. A surgical robot provides surgeons with advanced hand, but it is not a machine to do the same action of a surgeon using scissors or scalpels. Recently, as an advanced vision. "Integral Videography (IV)" which can project full color 3-D video image in real 3-D space is developed in Japan. The advanced vision and hands available to surgeons are creating new surgical fields, which are minimally invasive surgery, non-invasive surgery, virtual reality microsurgery, telesurgery, fetus surgery. neuro-informatics surgery and others in the 21st century.