The purpose of this work is to model single-phase short circuits in a three-phase electrical network and identify their type by analyzing the angular frequency of the spatial vector. Recently, the saturation of electric networks with powerful non-linear loads, the introduction of conversion equipment and renewable energy sources lead to the need for systematic analysis and research of the quality of electric energy (QEE). One of the factors that significantly affect the operation of electrical equipment is short circuits. In the article, based on the developed model of the formation of QEE distortions, a single-phase short circuit in a three-phase electrical network is investigated by switching it to a single-phase system with two α-β projections and a zero-sequence voltage vector. Studies of the influence of the location of the short-circuit point on the voltage in the electrical network have shown that the difference in the distance from the point of damage to the load, type of short-circuit leads to varying degrees of voltage change. Conducted studies have shown that different types of malfunctions and parameters of the electrical network at the point of short circuit cause different disturbances in the electrical voltage in the power supply system. The presence of a short circuit of the same type at different locations leads to different voltage drops and overvoltages. Short-term changes in voltage are the most common distortions of the quality of electrical voltage in electrical networks. The simulation results based on the developed model are consistent with the theory and reliably simulate the change in voltage in the electrical network. In the future, the presented model can help in creating a basis for the identification and subsequent control measures of voltage change violations.