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Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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Pain
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Pain
Article . 2024
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Can Observational Learning Reinforce Open-label Placebo Hypoalgesia?

Authors: Justyna Brączyk; Przemysław Bąbel;

Can Observational Learning Reinforce Open-label Placebo Hypoalgesia?

Abstract

Previous research has indicated that an open-label placebo can reduce pain in both healthy participants and chronic pain patients. As nondeceptive placebos seem to be an effective and more ethical alternative to deceptive placebos, optimizing this kind of treatment is essential. Observational learning was previously shown to induce the deceptive placebo effect; therefore, this study aimed to verify its effectiveness in fortifying the open-label placebo effect. Healthy volunteers (N=117) were randomly assigned to four groups: open-label placebo with (OLP+OBL) or without (OLP) observational learning, deceptive placebo with observational learning (OBL), or control group. Participants underwent baseline and testing measurements, during which they self-reported pain induced by heat stimulation. Between assessments, placebo cream was openly administered in the OLP and OLP+OBL groups. The OLP+OBL group next watched a model experiencing hypoalgesia after cream application. In the OBL, participants received placebo cream with no information about its effect, and then they watched the model. The placebo effect was successfully evoked in both open-label groups, which confirms the effectiveness of this intervention for pain reduction. However, the hypoalgesic effect was of similar magnitude in the OLP and OLP+OBL groups, which indicates that observation did not contribute to the effect. The placebo effect was absent in the OBL group. The results showed that reinforcing the open-label placebo by observational learning may be redundant, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Country
Poland
Keywords

Male, Adult, Pain Threshold, Adolescent, open-label placebo, verbal suggestion, Pain, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Placebo Effect, placebo hypoalgesia, Placebos, Young Adult, observational learning, Psychology, placebo effect, Humans, Learning, Female, Research Paper, Pain Measurement

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
hybrid