The article is a study of the peculiarities of Old Believer icon painting in the Vyatka province for the period of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. The authors focus on such issues as the activities of the leading centers of icon painting in the region, the cultural ties of the Vyatka Old Believers with other centers of the Russian Old Believers, the stylistic features of the icons of the Vyatka Old Believers. The influence of modernization processes in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries is traced. to the traditional culture of the Vyatka Old Believers. The study was carried out on the basis of materials from the Vyatka province - one of the centers of the Old Belief. It allows us to identify the general and specific in the processes of the impact of social transformations of the post-reform time on the traditional culture of the Russian Old Believers.