Poland’s accession to the European Union resulted in acceleration of the transformation of agriculture which followed the path of agriculture development of economically developed countries. This transformation consists in a decrease in the number of farms, a drop in the share of agriculture in the social farm structure, but also a growth in the potential and production, land productivity, in particular farm labor productivity, while maintaining huge differentiation between farms. Analysis of the farm structure survey data carried out by the Statistics Poland between 2005 and 2016 points to speeding up the transformation of agriculture in Poland in the indicated direction. The analysis also enables to prepare a scenario of changes on family farms in the period up to 2030. When the scenario deviates from the desired direction – also under the influence of new circumstances – it is possible to take up policy actions to correct the scenario to some extent. The essence of these changes comes down not to the EU Common Agricultural Policy, but rather to national policies and also goes beyond the traditional scope of agricultural policy.