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EDUCATION IN THE WEB 4.0 AGE. HOW MEDIA EDUCATION CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP

Authors: Alberto Fornasari;

EDUCATION IN THE WEB 4.0 AGE. HOW MEDIA EDUCATION CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP

Abstract

Nel mondo contemporaneo può accadere di pensare che le ambiguità e le manipolazioni che presiedono alla formazione di un’opinione collettiva nelle nostre società democratiche si siano determinate solo di recente, e solo in funzione delle ultime innovazioni tecnologiche. Non è esattamente così. La questione della formazione di un’opinione pubblica – che certo si è fatta più complessa e intricata nel mondo globalizzato di internet – ha origini ben più lontane. È infatti dagli inizi del XX secolo che un nuovo concetto, quello della «democrazia dello spettatore» si fa avanti, ovvero, “si assiste a una rivoluzione nell’arte della democrazia che può essere usata per costruire il consenso sfruttando le moderne tecniche della propaganda” (Lippmann, 1922). “Il ruolo dei media nella società e nella politica contemporanea, ci obbliga quindi a chiederci in quale tipo di mondo e di società vogliamo vivere e in particolare in quali termini vogliamo che la nostra società sia democratica” (Chomsky, 1994). Una società può infatti essere definita democratica se l’opinione pubblica ha i mezzi per partecipare in modo attivo alla gestione dei propri interessi, e i mezzi d’informazione sono aperti e liberi. Tutto questo si è realizzato? Con l’avvento poi della televisione (Eco, 2001) e oggi dei nuovi media (Rete, social network) quale scenario si prospetta per la formazione dei cittadini? Dove si pone il confine tra condizionamento e libertà di pensiero e di scelta? Quale ruolo ha l’educazione nella sua tripartizione: educazione con i media, ai media, per i media (Rivoltella, 2015)? Si può andare oltre una visione contrassegnata dal bipolarismo «apocalittici» versus «integrati» (Eco, 2001)? L’articolo muovendo dal quadro teorico esplicitato affronta il tema complesso di come l’educazione, in particolare la media education, illustrando i suoi più recenti orientamenti (dalla social network analysis – SNA, alla sentiment analysis) possa aiutare i soggetti in formazione a esercitare un pensiero critico rispetto all’overload di informazioni recepite, a gestire e controllare le fonti e a esercitare un consapevole ruolo di cittadinanza attiva (Censis, 2016).

In the contemporary age, it may seem that ambiguities and manipulations preceding the formation of a collective opinion in democratic societies are a recent phenomenon, mostly due to technological innovations. However, it is not so. Although it has become more complicated in the internet globalized world, the formation of a public opinion has past origins. At the beginning of the XX century the new concept of the «democracy of the spectator» was born: "the art of democracy showed how to build consensus by using modern propaganda techniques"(Lippmann, 1922). "Considering the role of media in contemporary societies and politics , we should wonder in what kind of democratic society we would like to live (Chomsky, 1994). Indeed, in a democratic society public opinion is able to actively participate in managing its own interests, and mass media are open and free. Is this our reality? With the introduction of television first (Eco, 2001) and of the new media then (web, social network), what is the possible scenario for the education of citizens? Where is the border between conditioning and freedom of thought and choices? What is the role of education in its threefold declination: education with media, to media and for media (Rivoltella, 2015)? Is it possible to go beyond a vision characterised by the «apocalyptic» versus «integrated» bipolarity (Eco, 2001)? Starting from this theoretical framework, this article tries to demonstrate how media education, with its most recent orientations (e.g. social network analysis – SNA, sentiment analysis), can foster critical thinking in order to help people manage information overload, check information sources and be active citizens (Censis, 2016).

Country
Italy
Keywords

Media, 070, Active Citizenship, 320, Web, Education, Society, Media, Società, Rete, Educazione, Cittadinanza attiva

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold