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Dietary reference values for vitamin K

Authors: EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Dominique Turck; Jean‐Louis Bresson; Barbara Burlingame; Tara Dean; Susan Fairweather‐Tait; Marina Heinonen; +21 Authors

Dietary reference values for vitamin K

Abstract

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derives dietary reference values (DRVs) for vitamin K. In this Opinion, the Panel considers vitamin K to comprise both phylloquinone and menaquinones. The Panel considers that none of the biomarkers of vitamin K intake or status is suitable by itself to derive DRVs for vitamin K. Several health outcomes possibly associated with vitamin K intake were also considered but data could not be used to establish DRVs. The Panel considers that average requirements and population reference intakes for vitamin K cannot be derived for adults, infants and children, and therefore sets adequate intakes (AIs). The Panel considers that available evidence on occurrence, absorption, function and content in the body or organs of menaquinones is insufficient, and, therefore, sets AIs for phylloquinone only. Having assessed additional evidence available since 1993 in particular related to biomarkers, intake data and the factorial approach, which all are associated with considerable uncertainties, the Panel maintains the reference value proposed by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1993. An AI of 1 μg phylloquinone/kg body weight per day is set for all age and sex population groups. Considering the respective reference body weights, AIs for phylloquinone are set at 70 μg/day for all adults including pregnant and lactating women, at 10 μg/day for infants aged 7-11 months, and between 12 μg/day for children aged 1-3 years and 65 μg/day for children aged 15-17 years.

Countries
United Kingdom, Italy
Keywords

name=veterinary (miscalleneous), /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2400/2404, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/2400/2405, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1110, 610, name=Animal Science and Zoology, TP1-1185, menaquinones, vitamin K, name=Food Science, phylloquinone, name=Parasitology, TX341-641, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1103, Adequate Intake, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Chemical technology, Scientific Opinion, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/3400/3401, vitamin K; phylloquinone; menaquinones; Adequate Intake; Dietary Reference Value, name=Microbiology, Dietary Reference Value, name=Plant Science, /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1106

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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