
doi: 10.26461/27.05
handle: 20.500.12008/49864
La declinación de anfibios constituye una preocupación actual, siendo la presencia de especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) una de las principales amenazas a la biodiversidad. En Uruguay, una de las EEI que afecta la biodiversidad autóctona es el anuro exótico invasor Aquarana catesbeiana (rana toro), invadiendo más de 60 charcos en tres localidades. El presente trabajo propone el análisis de la viabilidad del control biológico de larvas de rana toro mediante el uso del pez nativo Rhamdia quelen (bagre negro). Se realizó un ensayo de depredación en laboratorio para evaluar si consume las larvas de la especie exótica invasora rana toro y de la rana nativa Leptodactylus luctator. Los renacuajos en los estadios 24-26 (utilizando el criterio de Gosner) de ambas especies se expusieron a depredación directa y se determinó el número de larvas que consumió cada ejemplar de R. quelen. Cada pez depredó significativamente sobre ambas especies; sin embargo, la intensidad fue menor en las larvas exóticas (5 %) que en nativas (70 %). La introducción de especies de peces autóctonos para el control biológico constituye una oportunidad en cuerpos de agua permanentes donde A. catesbeiana se encuentra bien establecida. En una etapa inicial del proceso de invasión donde hay presencia de otras especies nativas de anfibios, R. quelen no serviría para biocontrol ya que eliminaría a las larvas de la especie nativa, favoreciendo a la rana toro.
The decline of amphibians is a current concern, with the presence of invasive alien species (IAS) being one of the main threats to biodiversity. In Uruguay, one of the IAS that affects native biodiversity is the invasive exotic anuran Aquarana catesbeiana (bullfrog), invading more than 60 ponds in three locations. The present work proposes the analysis of the viability of biological control of bullfrog larvae, through the use of the native fish Rhamdia quelen (black catfish). A laboratory predation test was carried out to evaluate whether it consumes the larvae of the invasive alien species bullfrog and the native frog Leptodactylus luctator. Tadpoles in stages 24-26 (using Gosner’s criterion) of both species were exposed to direct predation and the number of larvae consumed by each R. quelen specimen was determined. Each fish preyed significantly on both species; however, the intensity was lower in exotic larvae (5 %) than in native ones (70 %). The introduction of native fish species for biological control constitutes an opportunity in permanent water bodies where A. catesbeiana is well established. In an initial stage of the invasion process where there is the presence of other native species of amphibians, R. quelen would not serve for biocontrol, since it would eliminate the larvae of the native species, favouring the bullfrog.
PECES, RANAS, Invasión biológica, BIODIVERSIDAD, Biomanipulación, MEDIO AMBIENTE, Aquarana catesbeiana
PECES, RANAS, Invasión biológica, BIODIVERSIDAD, Biomanipulación, MEDIO AMBIENTE, Aquarana catesbeiana
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