
doi: 10.26461/24.06
handle: 20.500.12008/40538
La contaminación fecal es uno de los principales problemas de calidad del agua dulce a nivel mundial. Una de las soluciones propuestas para este problema es el tratamiento de los efluentes a nivel doméstico o local con preparados biológicos tales como los microorganismos efectivos nativos (MEN). En este trabajo se evaluó la eficacia de un preparado de MEN producido en Uruguay para disminuir la contaminación fecal en efluentes domésticos. Para ello se realizaron experimentos a distintas escalas: desde in vitro hasta en pozos sépticos de viviendas y un tramo del arroyo Malvín (in situ), combinando preparado líquido con sólido y empleando a los coliformes fecales (CF) y la materia orgánica particulada como indicadores del rendimiento. En el laboratorio y en los pozos sépticos, los CF disminuyeron significativamente luego de 8 semanas de aplicación. En el arroyo Malvín se observó una disminución de los CF y una recuperación visual del curso de agua, con un aumento de la transparencia y el oxígeno disuelto. Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que la aplicación de MEN en aguas residuales domiciliarias constituye una aproximación promisoria para reducir la contaminación fecal de los efluentes domésticos y enfatizan la necesidad de cambiar los hábitos de construcción de los pozos sépticos.
Fecal contamination is one of the main freshwater quality problems worldwide. One of the proposed solutions for this problem is the treatment of the effluents at domestic or local level with microbial consortia such as effective microorganisms from native origin (MEN in Spanish). In this work we evaluated the ability of a MEN formulation produced in Uruguay to reduce fecal contamination in domestic effluents. To achieve this, experiments were carried out at different scales, from in vitro to domestic septic tanks and in a section of the Malvín stream (in situ), combining liquid with solid MEN formulation and using fecal coliforms (FC) and particulate organic matter as performance indicators. Both at the laboratory level and in the septic tanks, CF decreased significantly after 8 weeks of application. In the Malvín stream, a decrease in CF and a visual recovery of the water course were observed, with increased transparency and dissolved oxygen concentration. The results from this work suggest that MEN application to domestic wastewater represents a promising approach to reduce fecal contamination of freshwater and emphasize the need to change the manufacturing habits and management of septic tanks.
Aguas residuales, Coliformes fecales, TRATAMIENTO DE AGUA, Pozos sépticos, EFLUENTES, Tratamiento, MEDIO AMBIENTE
Aguas residuales, Coliformes fecales, TRATAMIENTO DE AGUA, Pozos sépticos, EFLUENTES, Tratamiento, MEDIO AMBIENTE
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