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Nahrungsaufnahme bei Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Feeding kinematics in Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758) : a comparison between hard and soft food
Authors: Paster, Anja;

Nahrungsaufnahme bei Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract

Das Hausmeerschweinchen, Cavia porcellus (Rodentia), wurde in Südamerika domestiziert und ist heute aufgrund der leichten Haltung weltweit als Haus- und Labortier verbreitet. Die Ordnung Rodentia zeichnet sich vor allem durch einen hochspezialisierten Kauapparat aus, welcher lange für eine systematische Klassifizierung in die vier Gruppen Protrogomorpha, Sciuromorpha, Hystricomorpha und Myomorpha verwendet wurde, jedoch handelt es sich bei dieser Unterteilung nicht um monophyletische Gruppen. Die Gattung Cavia wird aufgrund des großen Jochbogens und des Ursprungs des deep masseters und des infraorbitalen Teil des M. zygomaticomandibularis den Hystricomorpha zugeordnet. In dieser Studie lag der Schwerpunkt auf der anatomischen Analyse des Schädels und Bewegungsanalysen der Kaubewegung bei harter und weicher Nahrung. Für die anatomische Analyse wurde ein CT Scan durchgeführt und die Muskeln, welche für den Kieferschluss von Bedeutung sind, rekonstruiert. Für die Bewegungsanalysen wurden Schnellbildaufnahmen mit 250 Bildern/sek von vier verschiedenen Individuen gemacht, das Bildmaterial wurde getrackert und anschließend mit einer auf MATLAB basierenden Software ausgewertet. Um den Vergleich zwischen harter und weicher Nahrung machen zu können, wurden die Kauzyklen von den drei Nahrungstypen (Gurke, Karotte und Pellet) in den einzelnen Phasen des Kauereignisses (Anfang, Mitte und Ende) ausgewertet. Dabei ergaben sich vor allem in der Dauer große Unterschiede: Bei der weichen Nahrung war die gesamte Nahrungsaufnahme kürzer und es wurden weniger Kauzyklen benötigt. Bei den einzelnen bilateralen Kauzyklen sind große Unterschiede bei der Dauer in der Anfangsphase vor allem bei der Öffnung des Maules aufgefallen, während es gegen Ende des Kauprozesses immer geringere Unterschiede zwischen den drei Nahrungstypen gibt.

The guinea pig, Cavia porcellus, is a member of the order Rodentia. It originally comes from South America, but, due to the use as a pet and a laboratory animal, it is now distributed worldwide. Rodents are characterized by a highly specialized masticatory apparatus, which is used for systematic classification. However, the four groups Protrogomorpha, Sciuromorpha, Hystricomorpha and Myomorpha are not monophyletic. The genus Cavia belongs to the Hystricomorpha because of the large zygomatic arch and the insertion areas of the zygomaticomandibular and the deep masseter muscles. In this study, the focus was on the cranial anatomy and the kinematic analysis of feeding in Cavia porcellus; especially the differences of the chewing behaviour between hard and soft food were compared. To analyse the masticatory apparatus, a CT-scan was made for reconstruction of the jaw closing musculature. For kinematic analysis, four animals were filmed with a high-speed camera and the recordings were tracked and analysed with a MATLAB based software. Feeding cycles for three different kinds of food (cucumber, carrot and pellet) during three phases (start, middle, end of complete feeding events) were compared. Results show differences in duration of the feeding event. The food intake takes way longer for hard food than for carrots and cucumber, and for a harder kind of food more chewing cycles are needed. Furthermore there are differences in duration and, thus, velocity of chewing cycles between soft and hard food; furthermore, especially the jaw opening seems to be quite variable during the first phase of a complete feeding event. At the end of the feeding event, less differences between hard and soft food could be found.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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