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National material flow analysis

Nationale Materialflussanalyse ; Cuba
Authors: Eisenhut, Susanna Maria;

National material flow analysis

Abstract

Die Materialflussanalyse (MFA) ist ein Ressourcenaggregations-Instrument, welches auf dem Prinzip des sozialen Metabolismus basiert. Diese nationale MFA-Studie untersucht die Struktur und Entwicklung der physischen Ökonomie und der Materialflüsse - natürliche Entnahme, Importe und Exporte - in Kuba zwischen 1970 und 2003 in vier Materialgruppen (Biomasse, Mineralien, Erze und fossile Energieträger). Die MFA-Indikatoren Materialentnahme Domestic Extraction (DE), Materialverbrauch Domestic Material Consumption (DMC), Materialintensität Material Intensity (MI) und die physische Handelsbilanz Physical Trade Balance (PTB) sowie ihre materielle Zusammensetzung werden betrachtet. Weiters wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Materialverbrauch, Wirtschaftswachstum und menschlicher Entwicklung in Kuba, zwischen 1970 und 2003, untersucht. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dem Aufbau des Energiesektors und der Entwicklung der disaggregierten Materialflüsse Zuckerrohr und Nickel. Hinsichtlich sozio-ökonomischer und ökologischer Parameter können drei Phasen in der Entwicklung der physischen Ökonomie unterschieden werden, welche sich auch in den meisten MFA-Indikatoren wiederfinden: eine Wachstumsperiode (1970-1989), Zusammenbruch (1989) und eine Erholungsphase (1990-2003). Die kubanische physische Ökonomie ist auf die Produktion einiger weniger Rohstoffe ausgerichtet, vor allem Zuckerrohr und Nickel. Die inländlische Materialentnahme (DE) umfasst hauptsächlich Biomasse (70%) und Mineralien (20%). Biomasse machte 25% der physischen Importe und 60% bis 90% der physischen Exporte zwischen 1970 und 2003 aus. In diesem Zeitraum wurde der Primärenergieverbrauch hauptsächlich durch Fossilenergieimporte gedeckt, besonders Öl und Ölprodukte, welche rund 70% aller physischen Importe ausmachten. Kubas ökologischer Fußabdruck und Pro-Kopf Energieverbrauch sind im internationalen Vergleich verhältnismäßig niedrig.

Material Flow Accounting (MFA) is a resource accounting tool based on the concept of social metabolism. This national MFA Cuba investigates the overall structure and dynamics of the Cuban physical economy and its material flows (domestic extraction, imports and exports) between 1970 and 2003 in four main material categories (biomass, non-metallic minerals, metal ores and fossil fuels). The derived material flow indicators domestic extraction (DE), domestic material consumption (DMC), material intensity (MI), physical trade balance (PTB) and their material composition are examined. Further, the interrelationship of material use with economic growth and human development in Cuba between 1970 and 2003 is evaluated. Special attention is given to the structure of its energy system and the disaggregated material flows nickel and sugar cane. Three phases are observed in the development of the physical economy in socio-economic and environmental terms, reflected in most economic and MFA-derived indicators: a period of growth (1970-1989), collapse (1989) and recovery (1990-2003). The structure of the Cuban physical economy is little diversified, specialized in the extraction and export of few raw materials, mainly sugar cane and nickel. Domestic extraction comprises mainly biomass (70%) and minerals (20%). Biomass accounts for 25% of the physical imports and 60%-90% of the physical exports between 1970 and 2003. The domestic primary energy supply is based on fossil fuel imports, mainly crude oil and oil products, comprising 70% of all physical imports. From a global perspective the ecological footprint and per capita energy consumption is relatively low.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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