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Herbivore communities on "Alnus acuminata" in relation to different reforestation methods

Herbivore Gemeinschaften auf Alnus acuminata in Relation zu unterschiedlichen Aufforstungsmethoden. - eine Fallstudie in den Nebelwäldern Süd- Ecuadors
Authors: Kwapil, Karina;

Herbivore communities on "Alnus acuminata" in relation to different reforestation methods

Abstract

In den Tropen ist die rapide Entwaldung und die daraus resultierende Abnahme der Waldflächen ein hoch aktuelles Thema. Aktive Wiederaufforstung dieser zerstörten Habitate, hat sich als ökologisch und ökonomisch nachhaltige Option erwiesen, die dazu beitragen kann, den negativen Auswirkungen der Entwaldung, allen voran Bodendegradation und Verlust der Artenvielfalt entgegen zu wirken. In einem südecuadorianischen Bergregenwald erfolgten Anpflanzungen einheimischer Baumarten, einschließlich Alnus acuminata, auf verlassenen Weidenflächen entlang eines natürlichen Sukzession Gradienten. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zu untersuchen ob Wiederaufforstung innerhalb der unterschiedlichen Sukzession Stadien systematische Unterschiede in Bezug auf Herbivore Insektengemeinschaften und deren Fraßschaden zeigen, im Vergleich zu Herbivore Gemeinschaften auf Alnus acuminata in einen natürlichem Wald. Insgesamt wurden 1.711 Arthropoden gesammelt, davon waren 92% der Insekten herbivor. Phytophage Kauer überwogen (969 Individuen, 55 Arten), die Mehrheit bildeten Chrysomelidae und Curculionidae. Phytophage Sauger waren weniger zahlreich (453 Individuen, 36 Arten) nachweisbar. Das am stärksten gestörte Habitat ('pasture') zeigte das größte Vorkommen von kauenden Organismen, in Konkordanz mit dem größten gemessen Blattfraß (22 %) und gleichzeitig geringem Vorkommen an potentiellen Feinden. Dem entgegengesetzt waren saugende Organismen und Prädatoren (vorwiegend Spinnen) am häufigsten im Wald anzutreffen, mit geringerem Blattfraß. Die Habitate mit ältestem (´shrub´) und mittlerem Sukzession Stadium ('fern') waren im Hinblick auf das Vorkommen an Herbivoren und dem Ausmaß an Blattfraß als intermediär einzustufen. In Bezug auf den Artenreichtum zeigten Herbivore Insektenarten nur eine geringe Zunahme entlang der Sukzessionen Gradienten, mit dem höchsten gemessenen Artenreichtum im Wald. Die Artenzusammensetzung zeigt eine Überschneidung von Herbivoren Gemeinschaften des Shrub-Standortes mit denen des Waldes. Unterschiede zwischen den Habitaten, hinsichtlich herbivorer Insekten, können zum Teil durch die vorherrschen Vegetationsstruktur und –diversität, sowie Mikroklima und vorkommen von Predatoren. erklärt werden. Diese Studie weist darauf hin, dass die lokale Biodiversität herbivorer Insekten durch 5 Verwendung von Alnus acuminata für die Wiederaufforstung, im Status quo in einem moderaten Umfang gefördert wird.

Deforestation continues to be an issue of concern in many tropical nations. Active reforestation has been proposed as an ecologically and economically sustainable option to reclaim degraded habitats. Reforestation may help reduce the negative impacts of land degradation and loss of biodiversity. In a cloud forest zone of southern Ecuador, plantations of native tree species including Alnus acuminata were established along a natural succession gradient of abandoned pastures. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether reforestation within successional gradients reveal systematic differences with regard to their associated communities of herbivorous insects and the extent of herbivory, in comparison with herbivore assemblages on A. acuminata in natural forest. In total, 1711 arthropod individuals were collected. 92 % of the insects were herbivorous. Chewing phytophages predominated (969 individuals, 55 species), with Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae constituting the majority of specimens. Sucking phytophages were less abundant (453 individuals, 36 species).The most disturbed habitat (´pasture`) exhibited highest abundance of chewing phytophages in concordance to highest observed value of leaf consumption (22%) and lower abundance of potential natural enemies. In the opposite pattern, sucking phytophages and predators (mainly spiders) showed highest abundance values in the natural forest, with lower leaf damage. Early successional (´shrub´) and mid- successional habitats (´fern´) were intermediate in abundance examination, also in terms of herbivory impact. Regard to species richness, herbivores species showed only marginally increased along the successional gradient with by far highest values found in natural forest. However, species composition of herbivore communities of early- successional habitats (i.e. shrub) showed slight overlap with the forest community. Thus, resulted differences within herbivore insects among habitats, are partially explained by prevalent vegetational structure and -diversity, abundance of natural enemies and microclimate conditions. This study suggest that the use of Alnus acuminata for reforestation, at status quo, support local herbivore biodiversity, yet at a moderate extent.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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Italian National Biodiversity Future Center
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