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Machiavelli

Authors: Wohner, Florian;

Machiavelli

Abstract

Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist Niccolò Machiavelli, und dessen Interpretation durch Antonio Gramsci und Louis Althusser. Zunächst wird versucht, das Denken Machiavellis anhand seiner Grundbegriffe darzustellen: virtú, fortuna, necessità, occasione, materia, popolo, moltitudine, umore, principe, stato, ordine, religione, educazione. Anschließend werden die wichtigsten Punkte der Interpretation Gramscis behandelt, und einige Punkte der Interpretation Althussers gestreift. Dabei zeigt sich, dass man es bei Machiavelli mit einem handfesten historischen Materialisten zu tun hat; und dass das diesen beiden „Marxisten” entgeht, da sie ihn lediglich als einen Vordenker des Absolutismus einspannen wollen, um auf dem Weg einer historischen Analogie die Zustände in der Sowjetunion als „historisch notwendig” zu rechtfertigen. Symptomatisch dafür ist, dass sie die Selbstbewegung des Volkes, der Machiavelli einen ähnlich hohen Stellenwert einräumt wie Marx und Engels der Selbstbewegung des Proletariats, in ihr Gegenteil verkehren: für Gramsci und Althusser ist das Volk passiv; aktiv ist für sie allein der absolute Herrscher, dessen moderne Inkarnation sie die Kommunistische Partei nennen — und das ist von ihnen, um es zu wiederholen, nicht als Kritik gedacht.

The subject of this thesis is Niccolò Machiavelli, and his interpretation by Antonio Gramsci and Louis Althusser. First, an attempt is made to portray Machiavelli’s thought by way of his basic concepts: virtú, fortuna, necessità, occasione, materia, popolo, moltitudine, umore, principe, stato, ordine, religione, educazione. Then, the most important points of Gramsci’s interpretation are discussed, and some points of Althusser’s interpretation are touched upon. In the course of this, it will become apparent that with Machiavelli one faces a veritable historical materialist; and that this completely escapes those two “marxists”, because their only use for him is as a visionary thinker of absolutism, so that they can by way of an historical analogy justify the (then) status quo in the Soviet Union as “historically necessary”. Symptomatic for this is that they turn the self-activity of the people, that to Machiavelli is as important as the self-activity of the proletariat is to Marx and Engels, into its opposite: for Gramsci and Althusser, the people is a passive element; for them, the only active element is the absolute sovereign, whose modern incarnation they call the Communist Party — and to repeat: they do not intend this as a criticism.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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