Recent interest in hypervelocity vehicles requires an increase in our understanding of aerothermodyn amic phenomena. Tests conducted in ground-based facilities will be used to better our understanding of the physics of hypervelocity flight and to verify computer models that will be used to predict vehicle performance in this environment. This paper reviews the requirements for aerothermodynamic testing and discusses the role of the aeroballistic range in accomplishing these requirements. Examples of the kinds of testing performed in typical high-performance aeroballistic ranges are described. Prospects for improving the capabilities of the aeroballistic range by using advanced instrumentation are discussed. Finally, recent developments in high-speed launch technology and their application to extend aeroballistic range capabilities are summarized.