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Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets
Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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Impact of Stagnation Temperature and Nozzle Configuration on Rarefied Jet Plume Interactions

Authors: Agir, Muhammed Burak; White, Craig; Kontis, Konstantinos;

Impact of Stagnation Temperature and Nozzle Configuration on Rarefied Jet Plume Interactions

Abstract

The canting axis of thrusters on space platforms, which likely operate in a vacuum environment with a high degree of flow rarefaction, is significant in order to create the desired torque for manoeuvring, maintaining orbit, eliminating perturbation forces, docking, etc. Therefore, the interactions of expanding plumes with one another and with solid surfaces in multi-nozzle arrays are inevitable. In order to gain a better understanding of the effect of nozzle configurations and conditions on the plume-plume and plume-surface interactions, a simulation matrix is carried out for a sonic nozzle using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method with the dsmc- Foam+ code. As nozzle arrays are packed more tightly together, the plume-plume interactions become stronger, which has an influence on the stagnation line density and temperature profiles. For a given stagnation temperature, the spacing between nozzles in the array does not have a strong influence on the normalised surface pressure, but there is an increase in the maximum normalised shear stress as the distance between the nozzles increases. There is a significant difference in the results for double and quadruple nozzle arrays, with greater normalised stagnation pressures and shear stresses found as the number of nozzles in the array is increased. For a single nozzle, increasing the stagnation temperature does not have a significant effect on the normalised surface pressures, but does increase the maximum normalised shear stress and increases the measured heat flux on the surface. For arrays of double and quadruple nozzles, the number of nozzles has a much greater influence on the measured surface properties than the stagnation temperature.

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green