SUMMARY Of six goats with polioencephalomalacia, three responded to thiamin therapy, whereas three died 2 to 7 days after onset of signs. The goats were 2 months to 2½ years old. They were affected during the winter or early spring, and concentrate feeding was a prominent part of the history. Transketolase activity values were obtained from two affected goats and from nine controls. The affected goats had lower transketolase activity than any of the controls.