
Les lleis dels grans nombres en la teoria clàssica de probabilitats asseguren que la suma de variables aleatòries independents es troba, sota certes condicions febles, molt a prop del seu valor esperat amb alta probabilitat. Aquestes sumes són l'exemple més senzill de variables aleatòries concentrades al voltant de la seva mitjana. Alguns resultats més recents revelen que aquest comportament és compartit per una immensa classe de funcions de variables aleatòries independents. Aquests resultats es coneixen generalment com a desigualtats de concentració. El propòsit d'aquest article és oferir una introducció a algunes d'aquestes desigualtats.
The laws of large numbers of classical probability theory state that sums of independent random variables are, under very mild conditions, close to their expected value with large probability. Such sums are the most basic examples of random variables concentrated around their mean. More recent results reveal that such a behavior is shared by a large class of general functions of independent random variables. Such results go generally under the name of “concentration inequalities.” The purpose of this article is to offer an introduction to some of these inequalities.
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