The article analyzes and summarizes the views of Ukrainian and foreign linguists concerning the language structure and conceptual world pictures peculiarities. The paper focuses on the existence of general and specific in language. The role of culture in the formation and evolution of national world pictures and the influence of the national language on the formation of the speakers’ worldview are reviewed. The problem of national specificity of the language is analyzed not only in terms of the language and thinking, language and reality relation, but also in terms of the correlation of language and culture, their interaction and interplay. Culture is presented in the study as a complex phenomenon, in the framework of which the peculiarities of knowledge of reality are fixed by one or another lingua-cultural community. The language world picture is considered as one of the main components of culture and as a means of transferring lingua-cultural peculiarities.