IN MANICHAEISM we are familiar with the figure of the great mother-goddess, the Mother of Life (or, more exactly, Mother of the Living), who is found likewise in the earlier Gnostic systems.' The triune relationship of a Father God, Mother Goddess, and Son is recognizable, and is familiar elsewhere.2 In the Greek and Latin writings dealing with the Religion of Mdn! and in the Gnostics the mother is spoken of as v M'rqp -r Zms, Mater Vitae (or as v M.rq Tp Tv ZWirrv, Mater Viventiunv)).3 In the Syriac scholia by Theodore bar Khoni, when treating of Manilchaeism, she is also alluded to several times as the 'Mother of Life' (or 'Mother of the Living'), Emma de H1ayye 4; and in the Arabic chapter on Manl's teaching in an-Nadlm's Fihrist she is called both the 'Mother of Life' (Umm-al-Haydh) and 'Mother of the Living' (Umm-al-Ahyf') .5 When the remains of actual Manichaean documents were discovered, a score or more years ago in the Oasis of Turfan, Eastern Turkistan, it was interesting to find among these Fragments in several languages allusions to this divine mother. Thus, in the Fragments which are written in the Middle Persian form that is