IT IS RATHER WELL KNOWN that Paul Tillich, the leading contemporary American Protestant philosophical theologian, attempted to relate culture and theology; his interest in politics is only somewhat less well known. He was the founder and intellectual leader of a circle of Religious Socialists in Germany after World War I, and, after his arrival in the United States in 1933, he continued to lecture and write on political questions. What will be argued in this essay is that the basic categories of his philosophical theology constitute an elaborate and sophisticated political theology, an intellectual achievement worthy of critical attention.