Tiliacora Colebr. has hitherto comprised 19 species in Tropical Africa and two in SE Asia; the latter were treated in my revision in Kew Bull. 30: 89-94 (1975). The present species is the first to be recorded from Australia and it considerably extends the range of the genus, the nearest species being T. triandra (Colebr.) Diels in Malay, Indo-China, Thailand and Burma. The genus is not known from the intervening Malesian archipelago. This Australian species was first collected over a century ago by William Hann who led a party sent out by the Queensland Government to explore part of Cape York Peninsula. The plants collected on the expedition were sent to Bentham for identification in December, 1873 by Richard Daintree, Agent General in London for the Queensland Government : the expedition probably took place earlier that year. Hann 165 was annotated by Bentham as 'Menispermacea' and has remained at the end of the family amongst the indeterminatae ever since. Like most of Hann's specimens, no. 165 is poor, consisting of a small leafy twig and two loose fruits, one of which is now broken into many fragments. I had long suspected that this was a Tiliacora, although the genus was unknown from Australia. In January 1973, a century after Hann's collection, Mr N. Byrnes, who was then at the Darwin Herbarium, sent me a specimen with female flowers collected by Mr J. McKean at Nourlangie Rock, Northern Territory. Although apparently belonging to Menispermaceae, the plant was unlike any members of that family known at Darwin, but I recognized that it was the same plant as Hann 165. In 1980, in response to my request to Darwin for additional material, Mr C. R. Dunlop collected further female flowering material, including flowers in spirit. By a fortunate coincidence, in the same year Mr B. P. M. Hyland of the Atherton Herbarium collected material with male flowers from Pascoe River, Cape York Peninsula, Queensland and included it amongst a loan of Menispermaceae sent for my attention. In 1981, Mr Hyland collected further male material from nearby at Chili Creek, Weymouth Parish. This Australian Tiliacora is therefore now known from almost complete material; only the infructescences with details of the presumably branched carpophores are unknown. Further fruits would be desirable since only one complete fruit is known.