
doi: 10.2307/3468682
pmid: 14349980
A LCOHOL and various alcoholic mixtures for intravenous infusions have been used for centuries for their analgesic as well as anesthetic effects; they were used extensively by the Russians during World War II (1, 2, 3, 4). It has long been recognized that alcohol acts as a rapid depressant of the central nervous system, and when employed parenterally it raises the pain threshold by inhibitation of the same system. In addition to its analgesic property it also has sedative, hypnotic, diuretic, vasodilator, and antipyretic effects(5). Alcohol affects the cerebrum, spinal cord, and respiratory center in that order, whereas morphine and similar narcotics simultaneously affect the cerebrum and respiratory center and, to a lesser extent, the spinal cord reflexes(6). Ethyl alcohol in doses sufficient to produce vasodilation and the symptoms of mild inebriation does not effect the cerebral blood flow, or cerebrovascular resistance, but the patient's body temperature and blood pressure are slightly reduced and the pulse and respiration rate are slightly increased (7). The nutritional needs of patients who are unable to take sufficient food or fluids orally has stimulated a growing demand for parenteral solutions which can meet the normal calorie requirements but not increase the fluid volume. As a result, not only vitamins but alcohol have been added to various commercial preparations of saline, dextrose, and hydrolyzed proteins, to increase the caloric value of the solution. Alcohol has a caloric value of approximately 5.7 calories per gm., however, the debate regarding the extent to which these calories are utilized for work energy continues. Moore and Karp are of the opinion that alcohol intravenously increases the caloric intake and protects carbohydrates, proteins, and body fat because it is a readily available and unstorable source of energy (8). Coffey recommended it to prevent the depletion of reserve carbohydrates and proteins-especially the former; although it is not available as a food it will be burned in preference to sugar when both are taken simultaneously (9). He further points out that acidosis, headaches, nausea, and vomiting are not concomitant with ethyl alcohol infusions as they are when comparable amounts are taken by mouth. Its analgesic properties are imbued with a wide margin of safety between therapeutic, toxic, and lethal dosage. For analgesia and sedation the blood level range of alcohol varies from 0.7 to 3 cc. per kilogram of body weight, depending upon an individual's tolerance. The toxic dosage is approximately 7.7 cc. per kilogram of body weight(4). Alcohol is not fatal until a concentration of 0.5 percent
Ethanol, Humans, Infusions, Parenteral
Ethanol, Humans, Infusions, Parenteral
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