Jose Santos Chocano and C6sar Vallejo are Peruvian poets of striking contrast. In Perui the strong impact of the environment creates the outline of a man of the coast and a man of the sierra, each clearly and sharply delineated. Chocano and Vallejo are both Peruvians, yet their poetic personalities evolved from opposing Peruvian leavening forces, from their individual reactions to the molding and shaping by two diametrically opposite areas within the same country. Their poetry is as contrasting as the mild sands of the coastline and the abrupt cordillera of the Andes. Chocano was born in Lima, and was a true limeiio to the heart. Lima, a beautiful, glittering jewel, set on the Pacific coastline and rising from desert-like surroundings; Lima, the Daughter of the Conquest, the City of Kings; Lima, proud, frivolous, conservative, romantic, sensual, the capital of Perricholism-Chocano captured her spirit and always saw life through her eyes. Lima had no roots in an indigenous past because it was Spanish sap which nourished this decorative Iberian transplant. The coming of the Republic did not mean a new governing class and its writers never felt themselves linked to the populace of Perui, for whom they felt only scorn. Thus the literature, lacking in native roots, was usually mere imitation. Indeed subordination to the spiritual residues of the Colony has continued into the 20th century. Chocano inherited all this nostalgia for the times of the viceroys. Of Spanish family, his spiritual and intellectual formation belong to Lima. Cisar Vallejo was born into an environment the complete antithesis of everything that surrounded Chocano. Santiago de Chuco, Vallejo's birthplace, is an Andean village in the northern sierra of Perii, situated 10,500 feet high in the midst of bleak crags and peaks and sultry valleys. This is a land of mountain solitude and cosmic sadness, with poverty and isolation as its very essence. Vallejo spent his childhood and early youth in a primitive world of towering mountains and scanty population withdrawn from the mainstream of national life, softened only by family love. Born of humble stock, his ancestry makes him the complete mestizo: his two grandfathers were Spanish, his two grandmothers, Indian. The poverty he knew as a child accompanied him to his death. Indeed his life as a serrano, in contact with an imposing and unyielding Nature and with men of the earth, flows through all his work. Chocano pours out his verses of torrential pomp with the soul of a limeio; Vallejo, in bare and often grotesque manner, utters the protest and grief of the serrano. These opposing views are clearly evident in those poems which express a mood of nostaliga. Contrast the nostalgic emotions of the following excerpts. Chocano writes: