Rosenbergiodendron has usually been relegated to the synonymy of Randia, but differs from Randia by being unarmed and having hermaphrodite flowers and pollen in monads. Three species are recognized. One new combination, R. formosum var. nitidum, is made. Rosenbergiodendron formosum is neotypified. Rosenbergiodendron formosum var. nitidum, R. longiflorum, R. densiflorum, and Randia speciosa are lectotypified. A key to the species, descriptions, illustrations, and distribution maps are provided.