Preface Editors' introduction 1. Oral litertaure B. W. Andrzejewski 2. The rise of written literatures in African languages Stanislaw Pilaszewicz 3. Literature in Fula D. W. Arnott 4. Literatures in the Mande and neighbouring languages Gordon Innes 5. Akan folk literature and the beginnings of writing in Twi Nina Pawlak 6. Yoruba literature Adeboye Babalola 7. Literature in the Hausa language Stanislaw Pilaszewicz 8. Writing and literature in classical Ethiopic Aleksander Ferenc 9. Ethiopian literature in Amharic Joanna Mantel-Niecko 10. Somali litertaure B. W. Andrzejewski 11. Literaures in Cushtic languages other than Somali B. W. Andrzejewski 12. Malagasy literature in Madagaskar Zefaniasy Bmananjara and Suzy-Andree Ramamonjisoa 13. Literature in Swahili Rajmund Ohly 14. Zulu oral tradition and literature Harold Schueb 15. Mbosa oral and literary traditions Harold Schueb 16. Southern Sotho literature Josh R. Masiea 17. Tswana literature Josh R. Masiea 18. The oral literature of the San and related peoples Roger Hewitt.