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Article
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Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Article . 1956 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
Article . 1956 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Self-Dual Configurations and Their Levi Graphs

Self-dual configurations and their Levi graphs
Authors: Artzy, Rafael;

Self-Dual Configurations and Their Levi Graphs

Abstract

Introduction. By a configuration we shall mean a set of points and straight lines (or planes) between which certain well-determined incidences exist. These configurations are not necessarily regular, that is, we shall not suppose every line (plane) to be incident with the same number of configuration points, and dually, different points of the configuration need not be incident with the same number of configuration lines (planes). The present paper will treat only self-dual configurations. (In this section and the next, we shall speak of configurations of points and lines only, but the reader may put "plane" instead of "line.") As Coxeter [I ] has pointed out, configurations have been described by graphs of two kinds: the Menger graph which has the disadvantage of not determining uniquely the configuration which it describes, and the Levi graph which in general is rather cumbersome because it has one node for each point and another for each line of the configuration. Thus the Levi graph of a self-dual configuration of n points has 2n nodes. In order to overcome this inconvenience of the Levi graph we propose here to identify abstractly the node of every point with the node of its dually corresponding line, and thus to construct a reduced Levi graph (in short RLG) which has only n nodes and which preserves the advantages of the Levi graph: one RLG cannot describe two distinct configurations. On the other hand the RLG will be shown to have the disadvantage that one configuration may have several nonisomorphic RLG's. In RLG's a node may be joined to itself, thus forming a loop. We shall see that the RLG permits sometimes a convenient discussion of self-dual specializations of self-dual configurations, in addition to its uses as a simpler form of the Levi graph.

Keywords

Non-Euclidean Geometry, Foundations

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Top 10%
Average
bronze