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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Ecologyarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Ecology
Article . 1977 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
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Bruchid Bettles and Seed Packaging by Palo Verde

Authors: Rodger Mitchell;

Bruchid Bettles and Seed Packaging by Palo Verde

Abstract

Cercidium floridum pods usually contain one or two seeds. If pods contained three or more seeds, pod biomass would be reduced by 19% and that energy could be diverted into seeds. Intrinsic factors do not explain the wasteful packaging; interactions at a node divert energy into several one— or two—seeded ponds rather than one large pod. The patterns of mortality from three seed predators are: (1) Rodents attack all pods equally; (2) All seeds are equally likely to be attacked by Mimosestes amicus (Bruchidae); (3) Stator limbatus (Bruchidae) attacks through exit holes cut by M. amicus and the entrances rise almost exponentially with seed count. Stator limbatus generally attacks all the seeds of a pod, and selects the larger pods, but pod size varies so much that pods with two seeds cannot be discriminated from each other. Stator limbatus destroys twice as many seeds in two— or more seeded pods which confers an advantage on seeds from one—seeded pods. An egg parasite, Uscana semifumipennis kills °40% of the eggs of both beetles. This mortality, plus a nearly 40°% loss to heat and desiccation, makes it advantageous for M. amicus to put one egg on top of another, thus sacrificing a second egg to double the survivorship of the first egg.

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
55
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
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