It may seem to some of us questionable that ecology should need to be brought into any special or intimate relation to considerations of human welfare (which is what I mean by humanizing ecology)-questionable whether the so-called practical bias is not already too pronounced; whether, indeed, ecology as it should be pursued and developed by its specialists has, or ought to have, anything whatever to do, positively or negatively, with any other than those intellectual interests to which it appeals as a science; whether there is any more reason to discuss in an ecological society the economic bearings of ecology than those of astronomy or mathematics in their special society meetings. But, whatever may be our present attitude toward the general question, it has seemed to me that it might be helpful to us as ecologists to try to see what the humanistic relations of ecology actually are or might be made to become; after which we shall be in more favorable position to decide what, if anything, ought to be done about them. I think that we all well understand and appreciate the economic and other humanistic values and applications of botany, including bacteriology, of zoology, including entomology, of physiology, especially as related to the protection and restoration of health and hence to the prolongation of human life; and we can understand also how immensely each of these sciences has profited in its cultivation and development, in all its divisions and in all directions, because of these relations. Now, ecology as a separate subject cuts across the other biological sciences at right angles, forming an integral part of each and at the same time a bond of union between them. Dealing with the relations of plants and animals, singly or associated, to their environments, organic as well as inorganic, ecology furnishes a line of contact of each of them with the interests and welfare of man; for he is a part, and in a multitude of cases an all-important part, of the environment of other forms of life. The relationship of man himself to his environment is 1 Presidential address delivered before the Toronto meeting of Ecological Society of America, December 28, 192I. [Ecology, Vol. III, No. i (pp. i-38) was issued March I4, 1922] 89