
doi: 10.2307/1572020
The author describes what modern technology involves and the personal qualifications needed to provide the necessary leadership for achieving the social objectives of this kind of complex human activity. He points out the differences between basic and applied science, engineering and technology. He notes that engineers, who might be expected to develop into leaders of technology, are, on the whole, failing to do so in the United States today. In order to clarify the relationships between the various elements of technology, a diagram is presented showing the interconnections between the elements, both as regards the social and physical environment and their own special character. The author is of the view that at the present time American institutions of higher education are devoting too much attention to the training of basic and applied scientists, and neglecting the development of adequately qualified engineers and technologists. He does not mean to imply that a broad background in science, mathematics and the humanities is not essential, for it is required by modern engineering and technology. He finds that proven men of action in technology have given little thought to measures for improving the situation, mainly because they are too busy with their own projects. They have resigned this responsibility to teachers and researchers in basic and applied sciences who, having both time and enthusiasm, proceed to crowd out engineering subjects rather than improve them to match the requirements of rapidly changing technology. He recommends that institutions for producing professional engineers and technologists be planned and established along current academic lines except for an increased emphasis on the preparation of students for real-world practice as is done, for example, by faculties of law and medicine. In conclusion, the author cites his experience of some thirty years in directing the Instrumentation Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which he believes would be effective as one model of such institutions. L’auteur expose les implications de la technologie moderne, et explique quelles personnes sont necessaires pour encadrer la realisation des objectifs sociaux de cette sorte d’activite humaine particulierement complexe. Il souligne les differences qui existent entre les sciences fondamentales et les sciences appliquees, entre l’‘engineering’ et la technologie. Il remarque que les ingenieurs, qui devraient devenir les cadres de la technologie, n’arrivent pas, dans l’ensemble, a remplir actuellement cette mission aux Etats Unis. Afin de jeter quelque lumiere sur les rapports qui existent entre les divers elements de la technologie, l’auteur presente un diagramme qui montre les interconnexions entre ces elements, sur le double plan de leur environnement social et physique, et de leurs caracteristiques propres. L’auteur pense qu’actuellement en Amerique, les institutions qui dispensent une education superieure insistent trop sur la formation de savants, et pas assez sur celle de techniciens et d’ingenieurs veritablement qualifies. Cela ne veut pas dire qu’une large culture generale en sciences, en mathematiques et en sciences humaines n’est pas essentielle, car elle est necessaire pour la technologie et l’‘engineering’ modernes. Il trouve aussi que des hommes qui se sont reveles hommes d’action en technologie se sont peu consacres aux reformes a faire pour ameliorer la situation, et ce, en grande partie parce qu’ils sont trop occupes par leurs propres projets. Ils ont abdique cette responsabilite en faveur des professeurs et des chercheurs en sciences fondamentales et appliquees, qui, ayant le temps et l’enthousiasme necessaires, continuent a ne pas faire de place a l’‘engineering’, au lieu de faire en sorte qu’il reponde aux exigences d’une technologie en evolution rapide. L’auteur recommande la creation d’etablissements specialises dans la formation de techniciens et d’ingenieurs professionnels, etablissements qui seraient realises sur des bases academiques normales, en insistant toutefois sur la preparation des etudiants a la pratique effective de la technologie, comme c’est le cas par exemple dans les facultes de droit et de medecine. Pour conclure, l’auteur decrit son experience en tant que directeur de l’Instrumentation Laboratory au Massachusetts Institute of Technology, etablissement qui devrait a son avis servir d’exemple aux autres institutions de ce genre.
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