A dental homologization among living moles of the family Talpidae is presented, utilizing, in as far as possible, the basic premise that the normally unreplaced antemolar possessed by many placentals always occupies the ancestral eutherian first premolar position. Evolutionary loss of the first premolar has apparently occurred in only the shrew-mole, Neurotrichus , and the fossorial Scalopus , both of North America, although this evidence is not necessarily considered grounds for closely relating these two genera. No incisors appear to have been lost in Recent Nearctic talpids although one or more of these teeth are missing in certain living Palearctic moles. These and other tooth loss patterns suggest no close phylogenetic relationship of the two New World talpids possessing incomplete antemolar dentitions to any of the Old World talpids lacking various combinations of anterior teeth.