evident. Aside from seeking cost efficiencies, the two motives most important in the formation and coordination of supply chains are (a) identifying and preserving quality traits and (b) controlling risks from adulteration and contamination. These two motives, and the consequent need for traceability, will become even more central to the development of supply chains once significant logistics and coordination costs are eliminated. Additionally, one can expect that some supply chains will also form around being "green"; environmental management, sustainability, and other production system attributes will be used to differentiate supply chains and their products from one another.