The authors discuss the problems of children's foster care in Lithuania in the context of European dimensions. The article consists of two parts. The first part presents the main changes in the children's care system in Lithuania. The first part reveals the discussion of the paradigm of children's foster care in both the Western and Lithuanian contexts. The design of the qualitative research into foster families and the data from the case study are presented in the second part. Here the authors also present the results of the case study of a Lithuanian foster family. The results of this research might be interesting and relevant at national and international levels, because countries in transition lack experience in the field of children's care and it could be useful for Western countries.