Deforestation of the Atlantic Coastal Forest has occurred since the 16 th Century in Brazil due to several factors (e.g., social, economical, and political). For this article, the authors performed a bibliographic review and a subsequent analysis of the available information to examine some possible alternatives for the reforestation and restoration of the second most diverse biome on the planet. Planting and reforestation initiatives using some of the Atlantic Coastal Forest’s native species considering environmental, social, and economic benefits were evaluated. Among some alternatives (e.g., agroforestry systems, reforestation with native species with sustainable management, and payment for ecosystem services), it is reasonable to conclude that neither private nor public initiatives considering economic factors alone will be