Excerpts: The objective of this analysis is to suggest guidelines for identifying policies and programs to generate expanded employment opportunities and thereby increased effective demand of the poor for food and other essential commodities in less developed countries. The approach used is to assess the employment, output and effective demand effects of alternative development patterns. This makes it possible to define an "ideal model" of agricultural development that takes into account the numerous direct, indirect, and interaction effects associated with alternative patterns of development. This "ideal model" then becomes the basis for setting goals and developing guidelines for AID policies and programs that are founded on actual development experience. Conversely, it becomes the basis for avoiding development assistance policies that lead to "undesirable models" of agricultural development. [Includes] -- Focus and Dispersal Strategies: Examples of a "Mixed Characteristics Model” [for] Kenya, Tanzania, Costa Rica, and Malaysia.

Final Report Prepared for the Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination, Agency for International Development.