Market liberalisation and globalisation are causing significant changes in food consumption pattern, production portfolio and food marketing systems in India. Food consumption pattern is changing fast. Demand for high-value food products including livestock products is increasing, and is accompanied by significant increase in their supplies. Consumers are becoming conscious about food safety and quality issues, imposing their preferences on the supply chain. And, in response to these developments, agri-food marketing system is also undergoing a transformation, from a fragmented system characterised by ad hoc transactions and dominance of intermediaries towards a co-ordinated supply system integrating production, procurement, storage, processing and distribution activities. At the same time, the ongoing process of globalisation of agri-food markets is creating both opportunities and challenges for the farmers. These developments in demand and food marketing systems are likely to bring livestock production systems under significant adjustment pressure, in terms of changes in production portfolio, scale of production and usage of inputs, technologies and services. India’s livestock sector is dominated by small-scale producers, and there is an apprehension about the capability of smallholders to adjust to the emerging marketing environment because of a number of operational constraints they face in production and marketing. Their marketable surplus is small, while local rural markets are thin, and trading in distant urban markets is not remunerative due to high marketing and transaction costs. With this background in mind, participants in this session discussed a number of important issues related to marketing and trade of livestock and livestock products and identified critical areas for policy intervention and further research. These are summarised in the following paragraphs.