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Continuous Holdup Measurements with Silicon P-I-N Photodiodes

Authors: Bell, Z. W.; Oberer, R. B.; Williams, J. A.; Smith, D. E.; Paulus, M. J.;

Continuous Holdup Measurements with Silicon P-I-N Photodiodes

Abstract

We report on the behavior of silicon P-I-N photodiodes used to perform holdup measurements on plumbing. These detectors differ from traditional scintillation detectors in that no high-voltage is required, no scintillator is used (gamma and X rays are converted directly by the diode), and they are considerably more compact. Although the small size of the diodes means they are not nearly as efficient as scintillation detectors, the diodes' size does mean that a detector module, including one or more diodes, pulse shaping electronics, analog-to-digital converter, embedded microprocessor, and digital interface can be realized in a package (excluding shielding) the size of a pocket calculator. This small size, coupled with only low-voltage power requirement, completely solid-state realization, and internal control functions allows these detectors to be strategically deployed on a permanent basis, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for manual holdup measurements. In this paper, we report on the measurement of gamma and X rays from {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U contained in steel pipe. We describe the features of the spectra, the electronics of the device and show how a network of them may be used to improve estimates of inventory in holdup.

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United States
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Keywords

And Physical Protection, Si Semiconductor Detectors, Uranium 238, 621, Material Unaccounted For, Safeguards, 11 Nuclear Fuel Cycle And Fuel Materials, Nuclear Materials Management, 530, Uranium 235, X-Ray Detection, Gamma Detection, 46 Instrumentation Related To Nuclear Science And Technology, Pipes, Steels, 98 Nuclear Disarmament, Photodiodes, Analog-To-Digital Converters

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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